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Posts Tagged ‘income tax return’
Thursday, August 12th, 2010
Do you need to Amend your Income Tax Return?
IRS Summertime Tax Tip 2010-12
If you forgot to include some income or to take a deduction on your tax return – you can correct it by amending your tax return.
In some cases, you do not need to amend your tax return. The Internal Revenue Service usually corrects math errors or requests missing forms – such as W-2s or schedules – when processing an original return. In these instances, do not amend your return.
However, you should file an amended return if any of the following were reported incorrectly:
Your filing status
Your dependents
Your total income
Your deductions or credits
You may also elect to amend your 2009 return if you are eligible to claim the first-time homebuyer credit for a qualified 2010 home purchase. The amended tax return will allow you to claim the homebuyer credit on your 2009 return without waiting until next year to claim it on the 2010 return.
Use Form 1040X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, to correct a previously filed Form 1040, 1040A or 1040EZ. Be sure to check the box for the year of the return you are amending on the Form 1040X, Line B. If you are amending more than one tax return, prepare a 1040X for each return and mail them in separate envelopes to the appropriate IRS processing center. The 1040X instructions list the addresses for the centers.
The newly revised Form 1040X (Rev. January 2010) now has only one column used to show the corrected figures. There is an area on the front of the form where you explain why you are filing Form 1040X.
If the changes involve other schedules or forms, attach them to the Form 1040X. For example, if you are filing a 1040X because you have a qualifying child and now want to claim the Earned Income Credit, you must attach a Schedule EIC, Earned Income Credit to show the qualifying person’s name, year of birth and Social Security number.
If you are filing to claim an additional refund, wait until you have received your original refund before filing Form 1040X. You may cash that check while waiting for any additional refund. If you owe additional tax for 2009, you should file Form 1040X and pay the tax as soon as possible to limit interest and penalty charges. Interest is charged on any tax not paid by the due date of the original return, without regard to extensions.
Generally, to claim a refund, you must file Form 1040X within three years from the date you filed your original return or within two years from the date you paid the tax, whichever is later.
Form 1040X and instructions are available at IRS.gov or by calling 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676).
Do you need to Amend your Income Tax Return?
IRS Summertime Tax Tip 2010-12
If you forgot to include some income or to take a deduction on your tax return – you can correct it by amending your tax return.
In some cases, you do not need to amend your tax return. The Internal Revenue Service usually corrects math errors or requests missing forms – such as W-2s or schedules – when processing an original return. In these instances, do not amend your return.
However, you should file an amended return if any of the following were reported incorrectly:
- Your filing status
- Your dependents
- Your total income
- Your deductions or credits
You may also elect to amend your 2009 return if you are eligible to claim the first-time homebuyer credit for a qualified 2010 home purchase. The amended tax return will allow you to claim the homebuyer credit on your 2009 return without waiting until next year to claim it on the 2010 return.
Use Form 1040X, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, to correct a previously filed Form 1040, 1040A or 1040EZ. Be sure to check the box for the year of the return you are amending on the Form 1040X, Line B. If you are amending more than one tax return, prepare a 1040X for each return and mail them in separate envelopes to the appropriate IRS processing center. The 1040X instructions list the addresses for the centers.
The newly revised Form 1040X (Rev. January 2010) now has only one column used to show the corrected figures. There is an area on the front of the form where you explain why you are filing Form 1040X.
If the changes involve other schedules or forms, attach them to the Form 1040X. For example, if you are filing a 1040X because you have a qualifying child and now want to claim the Earned Income Credit, you must attach a Schedule EIC, Earned Income Credit to show the qualifying person’s name, year of birth and Social Security number.
If you are filing to claim an additional refund, wait until you have received your original refund before filing Form 1040X. You may cash that check while waiting for any additional refund. If you owe additional tax for 2009, you should file Form 1040X and pay the tax as soon as possible to limit interest and penalty charges. Interest is charged on any tax not paid by the due date of the original return, without regard to extensions.
Generally, to claim a refund, you must file Form 1040X within three years from the date you filed your original return or within two years from the date you paid the tax, whichever is later.
Form 1040X and instructions are available at IRS.gov or by calling 800-TAX-FORM (800-829-3676).
Tags: 1040, 1040A, 1040ez, 1040X, 1040X Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, 1040X instructions, Amend your Income Tax Return, amended tax return, Amended U.S. Individual Income Tax Return, deductions or credits, dependents, Do you need to Amend your Income Tax Return?, Earned Income Credit, filing status, first time homebuyer credit, Form 1040X, income tax return, internal revenue service, irs, irs gov, IRS processing center, Schedule EIC, Schedule EIC Earned Income Credit, Social Security Number, Tax, tax return, Tax Tip, total income, W-2s, www irs gov
Posted in Uncategorized | 8 Comments »
Monday, May 24th, 2010
Form to Claim Payroll Tax Exemption for Hiring New Workers Now Available
IR-2010-64, May 18, 2010
WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service has issued the newly revised payroll tax form that most eligible employers can use to claim the special payroll tax exemption that applies to many new workers hired during 2010.
Designed to encourage employers to hire and retain new workers, the payroll tax exemption and the related new hire retention credit were created by the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act signed by President Obama on March 18.
Employers who hire unemployed workers this year (after Feb. 3, 2010, and before Jan. 1, 2011) may qualify for a 6.2-percent payroll tax incentive, in effect exempting them from the employer’s share of Social Security tax on wages paid to these workers after March 18. This reduction will have no effect on the employee’s future Social Security benefits. The employee’s 6.2 percent share of Social Security tax and the employer and employee’s shares of Medicare tax still apply to all wages.
In addition, for each qualified employee retained for at least a year whose wages did not significantly decrease in the second half of the year, businesses may claim a new hire retention credit of up to $1,000 per worker on their income tax return. Further details on both the tax credit and the payroll tax exemption can be found in a recently-expanded list of answers to frequently-asked questions about the new law now.
How to Claim the Payroll Tax Exemption
Form 941, Employer’s QUARTERLY Federal Tax Return, revised for use beginning with the second calendar quarter of 2010, will be filed by most employers claiming the payroll tax exemption for wages paid to qualified employees. The HIRE Act does not allow employers to claim the exemption for wages paid in the first quarter but provides for a credit in the second quarter. The instructions for the new Form 941 explain how this credit for wages paid from March 19 through March 31 can be claimed on the second quarter return.
The HIRE Act requires that employers get a signed statement from each eligible new hire, certifying under penalties of perjury, that he or she was not employed for more than 40 hours during the 60 days before beginning employment with that employer. Employers can use new Form W-11, Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act Employee Affidavit, released last month, to meet this requirement. Though employers need this certification to claim both the payroll tax exemption and the new hire retention credit, they do not file these statements with the IRS. Instead, they must retain them along with other payroll and income tax records.
These two tax benefits are especially helpful to employers who are adding positions to their payrolls. New hires filling existing positions also qualify as long as they are replacing workers who left voluntarily or who were terminated for cause and otherwise are qualified employees. Family members and other relatives do not qualify for either of these tax benefits.
Businesses, agricultural employers, tax-exempt organizations, tribal governments and public colleges and universities all qualify to claim the payroll tax exemption for eligible newly-hired employees. Household employers and federal, state and local government employers, other than public colleges and universities, are not eligible.
Form to Claim Payroll Tax Exemption for Hiring New Workers Now Available
IR-2010-64, May 18, 2010
WASHINGTON — The Internal Revenue Service has issued the newly revised payroll tax form that most eligible employers can use to claim the special payroll tax exemption that applies to many new workers hired during 2010.
Designed to encourage employers to hire and retain new workers, the payroll tax exemption and the related new hire retention credit were created by the Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act signed by President Obama on March 18.
Employers who hire unemployed workers this year (after Feb. 3, 2010, and before Jan. 1, 2011) may qualify for a 6.2-percent payroll tax incentive, in effect exempting them from the employer’s share of Social Security tax on wages paid to these workers after March 18. This reduction will have no effect on the employee’s future Social Security benefits. The employee’s 6.2 percent share of Social Security tax and the employer and employee’s shares of Medicare tax still apply to all wages.
In addition, for each qualified employee retained for at least a year whose wages did not significantly decrease in the second half of the year, businesses may claim a new hire retention credit of up to $1,000 per worker on their income tax return. Further details on both the tax credit and the payroll tax exemption can be found in a recently-expanded list of answers to frequently-asked questions about the new law now.
How to Claim the Payroll Tax Exemption
Form 941, Employer’s QUARTERLY Federal Tax Return, revised for use beginning with the second calendar quarter of 2010, will be filed by most employers claiming the payroll tax exemption for wages paid to qualified employees. The HIRE Act does not allow employers to claim the exemption for wages paid in the first quarter but provides for a credit in the second quarter. The instructions for the new Form 941 explain how this credit for wages paid from March 19 through March 31 can be claimed on the second quarter return.
The HIRE Act requires that employers get a signed statement from each eligible new hire, certifying under penalties of perjury, that he or she was not employed for more than 40 hours during the 60 days before beginning employment with that employer. Employers can use new Form W-11, Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act Employee Affidavit, released last month, to meet this requirement. Though employers need this certification to claim both the payroll tax exemption and the new hire retention credit, they do not file these statements with the IRS. Instead, they must retain them along with other payroll and income tax records.
These two tax benefits are especially helpful to employers who are adding positions to their payrolls. New hires filling existing positions also qualify as long as they are replacing workers who left voluntarily or who were terminated for cause and otherwise are qualified employees. Family members and other relatives do not qualify for either of these tax benefits.
Businesses, agricultural employers, tax-exempt organizations, tribal governments and public colleges and universities all qualify to claim the payroll tax exemption for eligible newly-hired employees. Household employers and federal, state and local government employers, other than public colleges and universities, are not eligible.
Tags: Form 941, Form to Claim Payroll Tax Exemption for Hiring New Workers Now Available, Form W-11, Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act, Hiring Incentives to Restore Employment (HIRE) Act Employee Affidavit, income tax return, internal revenue service, Medicare tax, new hire retention credit, Payroll Tax Exemption, Payroll Tax Exemption for Hiring New Workers, payroll tax form, payroll tax incentive, QUARTERLY Federal Tax Return, revised payroll tax form, Social Security benefits, social security tax, special payroll tax exemption, tax credit, The HIRE Act, The Internal Revenue Service
Posted in Uncategorized | 8 Comments »
Saturday, March 6th, 2010
Research and Experimental Costs
You can elect to amortize your research and experimental costs, deduct them as current business expenses, or write them off over a 10-year period. If you elect to amortize these costs, deduct them in equal amounts over 60 months or more. The amortization period begins the month you first receive an economic benefit from the costs. For a definition of “research and experimental costs” and information on deducting them as current business expenses, see chapter 7.
Optional write-off method. Rather than amortize these costs or deduct them as a current expense, you have the option of deducting (writing off) research and experimental costs ratably over a 10-year period beginning with the tax year in which you incurred the costs.
Costs you can amortize. You can amortize costs chargeable to a capital account if you meet both the following requirements.
You paid or incurred the costs in your trade or business.
You are not deducting the costs currently.
How to make the election. To elect to amortize research and experimental costs, complete Part VI of Form 4562 and attach it to your income tax return. Generally, you must file the return by the due date (including extensions). However, if you timely filed your return for the year without making the election, you can still make the election by filing an amended return within 6 months of the due date of the return (excluding extensions). Attach Form 4562 to the amended return and write “Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2” on Form 4562. File the amended return at the same address you filed the original return.
Your election is binding for the year it is made and for all later years unless you obtain approval from the IRS to change to a different method.
Research and Experimental Costs
You can elect to amortize your research and experimental costs, deduct them as current business expenses, or write them off over a 10-year period. If you elect to amortize these costs, deduct them in equal amounts over 60 months or more. The amortization period begins the month you first receive an economic benefit from the costs. For a definition of “research and experimental costs” and information on deducting them as current business expenses, see chapter 7.
Optional write-off method. Rather than amortize these costs or deduct them as a current expense, you have the option of deducting (writing off) research and experimental costs ratably over a 10-year period beginning with the tax year in which you incurred the costs.
Costs you can amortize. You can amortize costs chargeable to a capital account if you meet both the following requirements.
- You paid or incurred the costs in your trade or business.
- You are not deducting the costs currently.
How to make the election. To elect to amortize research and experimental costs, complete Part VI of Form 4562 and attach it to your income tax return. Generally, you must file the return by the due date (including extensions). However, if you timely filed your return for the year without making the election, you can still make the election by filing an amended return within 6 months of the due date of the return (excluding extensions). Attach Form 4562 to the amended return and write “Filed pursuant to section 301.9100-2” on Form 4562. File the amended return at the same address you filed the original return.
Your election is binding for the year it is made and for all later years unless you obtain approval from the IRS to change to a different method.
Tags: amortize, business tax, business tax preparation, business taxes, current business expenses, filing an amended return, income tax, income tax return, income taxes, Optional write-off method, Research and Experimental Costs, Tax, taxes
Posted in Uncategorized | 3 Comments »
Sunday, January 17th, 2010
How to Choose a Tax Return Preparer and Avoid Preparer Fraud
Here is FS-2010-3, January 2010
Taxpayers who decide they need assistance when preparing a tax return should choose a tax preparer with care and caution. Even if a return was prepared by an outside individual or firm, taxpayers should remember that they are legally responsible for what they file with the Internal Revenue Service.
Most return preparers are professional, honest and provide excellent service to their clients, but some engage in fraud and other illegal activities. Return preparer fraud involves the preparation and filing of false income tax returns by preparers who claim inflated personal or business expenses, false deductions, unallowable credits or excessive exemptions on returns prepared for their clients.
Preparers may, for example, manipulate income figures to fraudulently obtain tax credits, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit. In some situations, the client, or taxpayer, may not even know of the false expenses, deductions, exemptions and/or credits shown on his or her tax return.
However, when the IRS detects a fraudulent return, the taxpayer — not the return preparer — must pay the additional taxes and interest and may be subject to penalties.
The IRS Return Preparer Program focuses on enhancing compliance in the return-preparer community by investigating and referring criminal activity by return preparers to the Department of Justice for prosecution. The IRS can also assert appropriate civil penalties against unscrupulous return preparers.
Also to combat fraud, IRS Commissioner Doug Shulman recently made a series of recommendations with the twin goals of increasing taxpayer compliance and ensuring uniform and high ethical standards of conduct for tax preparers.
While most preparers provide honest service to their clients, the IRS urges taxpayers to be careful when choosing a preparer –– as careful as they would be choosing a doctor or lawyer. Even if someone else prepares a tax return, the taxpayer is ultimately responsible for all the information on the return. For that reason, taxpayers should never sign a blank tax form. And they should review the return before signing it and ask questions on entries they don’t understand.
Helpful Hints When Choosing a Return Preparer
Be cautious of tax preparers who claim they can obtain larger refunds than other preparers.
Avoid preparers who base their fee on a percentage of the refund.Use a reputable tax professional who signs the tax return and provides a copy.
Consider whether the individual or firm will be around to answer questions about the preparation of the tax return months, or even years, after the return has been filed.
Check the person’s credentials. Only attorneys, certified public accountants (CPAs) and enrolled agents can represent taxpayers before the IRS in all matters, including audits, collection and appeals. Other return preparers may only represent taxpayers for audits of returns they actually prepared.
Find out if the preparer is affiliated with a professional organization that provides its members with continuing education and resources and holds them to a code of ethics.
Reputable preparers will ask to see receipts and will ask multiple questions to determine whether expenses, deductions and other items qualify. By doing so, they are trying to help their clients avoid penalties, interest or additional taxes that could result from an IRS examination.
Tax evasion is a risky crime, a felony, punishable by five years imprisonment and a $250,000 fine.
* Incarceration may include prison time, home confinement, electronic monitoring or a combination.
Some return preparers have been convicted of or have pleaded guilty to felony charges.
Examples for Return Preparer Fraud
The following case summaries are excerpts from public record documents on file in the court records in the judicial district in which the legal actions were filed.
Former Owner of Triad Business Services Sentenced for Tax Fraud Conspiracy
On Nov. 2, 2009, in Washington, D.C., Henderson Joseph, the former owner of Triad Business Services, was sentenced to 36 months in prison, followed by three years of supervised release, and ordered to pay a $50,000 fine. Joseph pleaded guilty in January 2009, in connection with a massive tax fraud conspiracy in which Triad Business Services sought over $500,000 in fraudulent tax refunds for its clients. According to court documents, Joseph masterminded a scheme to file fraudulent refunds for hundreds of clients by falsifying itemized deductions and credits on the clients’ individual tax returns.
Former Tax Preparer Sentenced for $1 Million Tax Fraud
On Oct. 16, 2009, in Kansas City, Donald Bushnell, a former tax preparer, was sentenced to 36 months in prison for fraudulently preparing nearly 300 tax returns that falsely claimed more than $1 million in business losses for his clients. Bushnell prepared 272 false and fraudulent federal tax returns from Jan. 9, 2001, to June 6, 2005, for a total tax loss of approximately $1,088,720. Bushnell’s criminal conduct caused dozens of taxpayers to incur substantial costs, ranging between $200 and $400 per return, for interest and penalties.
Daughters of California Return Preparer Each Sentenced to 72 Months in Federal Prison
On Oct. 5, 2009, in Riverside, Calif, Karen Denise Berry of San Bernardino, Calif., and Carla Denine Berry of Rialto, Calif., the daughters of a patriarch of an income tax preparation business, were each sentenced to serve 72 months in federal prison and three years of supervised release. They were also ordered to pay $14 million in restitution to the IRS. Their father, Matthew Carl Berry, a Rialto tax return preparer, was previously sentenced to serve 108 months in federal prison, 36 months on supervised release, and ordered to pay over $15 million in restitution to the IRS, after having been previously convicted at trial on charges that he conspired with others to defraud the Internal Revenue Service and filed false personal income tax returns for the years 2001, 2002, and 2004. Karen Denise Berry and Carla Denine Berry, along with their father, Matthew Berry, were found guilty of conspiring with Ivan Taylor Johnson, of San Bernardino, Calif., and Valerie Madel Dixon, of Rialto to impede and obstruct the lawful functions of the Internal Revenue Service. Karen Berry and Carla Berry pleaded guilty before trial to various charges including conspiracy to defraud the IRS, aiding and assisting in the preparation of false tax returns, and subscribing to a false tax return. According to court papers, the false returns Berry prepared for clients, in conjunction with the returns prepared by Karen Berry, Carla Berry, Johnson and Dixon, caused losses of more than $45,000,000 in tax revenue to the IRS. Johnson and Dixon previously pleaded guilty to charges contained in the indictment. Johnson was sentenced to 35 months imprisonment followed by three years of supervised release and ordered to pay restitution to the IRS in the amount of $19,034,901. Dixon was sentenced to five years probation, including 10 months home detention, and ordered to pay restitution to the IRS of $19,034,901.
Florida Tax Preparer Sentenced to 30 Months for Tax Fraud
On Aug. 6, 2009, in Orlando, Fla., Jean Marie Boursiquot was sentenced to 30 months in prison and ordered to pay $149,456 in restitution. Boursiquot pleaded guilty on May 21, 2009 to his role in a conspiracy to defraud the government. According to court documents, Boursiquot ran his own tax preparation company and prepared tax returns and amended tax returns for transient Haitian immigrants in Florida. Boursiquot had the IRS mail him the refund checks directly and deposited the checks into his business account. In 2002, Boursiquot received nearly $400,000 from the IRS and pocketed more than $250,000 of the money that was intended for his clients. In 2003, Boursiquot received more than $500,000 from the IRS and kept more than $400,000 of his client’s money. Boursiquot did not file a tax return for the 2002 tax year and on his 2003 tax return he only claimed $41,341 in income.
Tax Preparers Sentenced to Prison for Filing False Returns
On June 23, 2009, in Riverside, Calif., Matthew Carl Berry, of Rialto, Calif., was sentenced to nine years in prison after having been previously convicted on charges that he conspired with others to defraud the government and filed false personal income tax returns for the years 2001, 2002 and 2004. In addition to prison, Berry was ordered to pay $15,418,393 in restitution to the Internal Revenue Service and to spend three years on supervised release following his release from prison. In addition to the conspiracy charges, the jury found Berry guilty of willfully filing false income tax returns with the IRS for the 2001, 2002 and 2004 tax years.
Louisiana Tax Preparer Sentenced for Preparing False Tax Returns
Dec. 11, 2008, in Shreveport, La., Clementine Rainey, a former tax preparer for Quick Tax in Shreveport, was sentenced to 21 months in prison and ordered to pay $111,000 in restitution for preparing false tax returns. Rainey pleaded guilty August 22, 2008, to one count of aiding the preparation of false returns. According to court documents, she admitted to preparing and filing false individual income tax returns for taxpayers for the years 2005 through 2007 by submitting fictitious W-2 employer and wage information.
Two Kenyan Women Sentenced for $15 Million Tax Fraud Conspiracy
On Nov. 13, 2008, in Kansas City, Loretta Wavinya and her sister, Lillian Nzongi, were sentenced to prison terms of 168 months and 70 months, respectively, for their roles in a multi-million dollar conspiracy to defraud the IRS. The Kenyan nationals lived in the Kansas City area and were involved in a wire fraud scheme that involved stealing the identities of hundreds of victims, primarily nursing home residents, which were used to seek more than $15 million in fraudulent federal tax refunds. Wavinya, a tax preparer and radiology technician who visited patients on-site at multiple nursing homes, pleaded guilty in June 2008 to using stolen identities to file more than 540 fraudulent federal tax returns using the names of more than 500 identity theft victims. The conspirators filed up to six state tax returns simultaneously with each federal return, causing a loss to at least 27 states.
Reporting Suspected Tax Fraud Activity
Tax fraud or abusive return preparers can be reported to the IRS on Form 3949-A, Information Referral. This form is available as a download from the IRS Web site at IRS.gov or by calling (800) 829-3676 to order by mail. The completed form, or a letter detailing the alleged fraudulent activity, should be sent to Internal Revenue Service, Fresno, CA 93888.
The mailing should contain specific information about the individual or business, the activity, when the alleged violation took place, the amount of money involved, how the reporter became aware of it and any other information that might be helpful to an investigation. The identity of the person filing the report is not required but it could be helpful in an investigation and it can be kept confidential.
Rewards based on the amount of additional tax, penalties and interest owed can be made to individuals who report fraud. IRS Form 211, Application for Award for Original Information, can be used to claim a reward.
The IRS’ Whistleblower Office will make the final decision about whether an award will be paid and for how much. Award amounts are based on the value of the information you provided compared with the amount of additional tax, penalties and interest collected by the IRS.
How to Choose a Tax Return Preparer and Avoid Preparer Fraud
Here is FS-2010-3, January 2010
Taxpayers who decide they need assistance when preparing a tax return should choose a tax preparer with care and caution. Even if a return was prepared by an outside individual or firm, taxpayers should remember that they are legally responsible for what they file with the Internal Revenue Service.
Most return preparers are professional, honest and provide excellent service to their clients, but some engage in fraud and other illegal activities. Return preparer fraud involves the preparation and filing of false income tax returns by preparers who claim inflated personal or business expenses, false deductions, unallowable credits or excessive exemptions on returns prepared for their clients.
Preparers may, for example, manipulate income figures to fraudulently obtain tax credits, such as the Earned Income Tax Credit. In some situations, the client, or taxpayer, may not even know of the false expenses, deductions, exemptions and/or credits shown on his or her tax return.
However, when the IRS detects a fraudulent return, the taxpayer — not the return preparer — must pay the additional taxes and interest and may be subject to penalties.
The IRS Return Preparer Program focuses on enhancing compliance in the return-preparer community by investigating and referring criminal activity by return preparers to the Department of Justice for prosecution. The IRS can also assert appropriate civil penalties against unscrupulous return preparers.
Also to combat fraud, IRS Commissioner Doug Shulman recently made a series of recommendations with the twin goals of increasing taxpayer compliance and ensuring uniform and high ethical standards of conduct for tax preparers.
While most preparers provide honest service to their clients, the IRS urges taxpayers to be careful when choosing a preparer –– as careful as they would be choosing a doctor or lawyer. Even if someone else prepares a tax return, the taxpayer is ultimately responsible for all the information on the return. For that reason, taxpayers should never sign a blank tax form. And they should review the return before signing it and ask questions on entries they don’t understand.
Helpful Hints When Choosing a Return Preparer
Be cautious of tax preparers who claim they can obtain larger refunds than other preparers.
Avoid preparers who base their fee on a percentage of the refund.Use a reputable tax professional who signs the tax return and provides a copy.
Consider whether the individual or firm will be around to answer questions about the preparation of the tax return months, or even years, after the return has been filed.
Check the person’s credentials. Only attorneys, certified public accountants (CPAs) and enrolled agents can represent taxpayers before the IRS in all matters, including audits, collection and appeals. Other return preparers may only represent taxpayers for audits of returns they actually prepared.
Find out if the preparer is affiliated with a professional organization that provides its members with continuing education and resources and holds them to a code of ethics.
Reputable preparers will ask to see receipts and will ask multiple questions to determine whether expenses, deductions and other items qualify. By doing so, they are trying to help their clients avoid penalties, interest or additional taxes that could result from an IRS examination.
Tax evasion is a risky crime, a felony, punishable by five years imprisonment and a $250,000 fine.
* Incarceration may include prison time, home confinement, electronic monitoring or a combination.
Some return preparers have been convicted of or have pleaded guilty to felony charges.
Examples for Return Preparer Fraud
The following case summaries are excerpts from public record documents on file in the court records in the judicial district in which the legal actions were filed.
Former Owner of Triad Business Services Sentenced for Tax Fraud Conspiracy
On Nov. 2, 2009, in Washington, D.C., Henderson Joseph, the former owner of Triad Business Services, was sentenced to 36 months in prison, followed by three years of supervised release, and ordered to pay a $50,000 fine. Joseph pleaded guilty in January 2009, in connection with a massive tax fraud conspiracy in which Triad Business Services sought over $500,000 in fraudulent tax refunds for its clients. According to court documents, Joseph masterminded a scheme to file fraudulent refunds for hundreds of clients by falsifying itemized deductions and credits on the clients’ individual tax returns.
Former Tax Preparer Sentenced for $1 Million Tax Fraud
On Oct. 16, 2009, in Kansas City, Donald Bushnell, a former tax preparer, was sentenced to 36 months in prison for fraudulently preparing nearly 300 tax returns that falsely claimed more than $1 million in business losses for his clients. Bushnell prepared 272 false and fraudulent federal tax returns from Jan. 9, 2001, to June 6, 2005, for a total tax loss of approximately $1,088,720. Bushnell’s criminal conduct caused dozens of taxpayers to incur substantial costs, ranging between $200 and $400 per return, for interest and penalties.
Daughters of California Return Preparer Each Sentenced to 72 Months in Federal Prison
On Oct. 5, 2009, in Riverside, Calif, Karen Denise Berry of San Bernardino, Calif., and Carla Denine Berry of Rialto, Calif., the daughters of a patriarch of an income tax preparation business, were each sentenced to serve 72 months in federal prison and three years of supervised release. They were also ordered to pay $14 million in restitution to the IRS. Their father, Matthew Carl Berry, a Rialto tax return preparer, was previously sentenced to serve 108 months in federal prison, 36 months on supervised release, and ordered to pay over $15 million in restitution to the IRS, after having been previously convicted at trial on charges that he conspired with others to defraud the Internal Revenue Service and filed false personal income tax returns for the years 2001, 2002, and 2004. Karen Denise Berry and Carla Denine Berry, along with their father, Matthew Berry, were found guilty of conspiring with Ivan Taylor Johnson, of San Bernardino, Calif., and Valerie Madel Dixon, of Rialto to impede and obstruct the lawful functions of the Internal Revenue Service. Karen Berry and Carla Berry pleaded guilty before trial to various charges including conspiracy to defraud the IRS, aiding and assisting in the preparation of false tax returns, and subscribing to a false tax return. According to court papers, the false returns Berry prepared for clients, in conjunction with the returns prepared by Karen Berry, Carla Berry, Johnson and Dixon, caused losses of more than $45,000,000 in tax revenue to the IRS. Johnson and Dixon previously pleaded guilty to charges contained in the indictment. Johnson was sentenced to 35 months imprisonment followed by three years of supervised release and ordered to pay restitution to the IRS in the amount of $19,034,901. Dixon was sentenced to five years probation, including 10 months home detention, and ordered to pay restitution to the IRS of $19,034,901.
Florida Tax Preparer Sentenced to 30 Months for Tax Fraud
On Aug. 6, 2009, in Orlando, Fla., Jean Marie Boursiquot was sentenced to 30 months in prison and ordered to pay $149,456 in restitution. Boursiquot pleaded guilty on May 21, 2009 to his role in a conspiracy to defraud the government. According to court documents, Boursiquot ran his own tax preparation company and prepared tax returns and amended tax returns for transient Haitian immigrants in Florida. Boursiquot had the IRS mail him the refund checks directly and deposited the checks into his business account. In 2002, Boursiquot received nearly $400,000 from the IRS and pocketed more than $250,000 of the money that was intended for his clients. In 2003, Boursiquot received more than $500,000 from the IRS and kept more than $400,000 of his client’s money. Boursiquot did not file a tax return for the 2002 tax year and on his 2003 tax return he only claimed $41,341 in income.
Tax Preparers Sentenced to Prison for Filing False Returns
On June 23, 2009, in Riverside, Calif., Matthew Carl Berry, of Rialto, Calif., was sentenced to nine years in prison after having been previously convicted on charges that he conspired with others to defraud the government and filed false personal income tax returns for the years 2001, 2002 and 2004. In addition to prison, Berry was ordered to pay $15,418,393 in restitution to the Internal Revenue Service and to spend three years on supervised release following his release from prison. In addition to the conspiracy charges, the jury found Berry guilty of willfully filing false income tax returns with the IRS for the 2001, 2002 and 2004 tax years.
Louisiana Tax Preparer Sentenced for Preparing False Tax Returns
Dec. 11, 2008, in Shreveport, La., Clementine Rainey, a former tax preparer for Quick Tax in Shreveport, was sentenced to 21 months in prison and ordered to pay $111,000 in restitution for preparing false tax returns. Rainey pleaded guilty August 22, 2008, to one count of aiding the preparation of false returns. According to court documents, she admitted to preparing and filing false individual income tax returns for taxpayers for the years 2005 through 2007 by submitting fictitious W-2 employer and wage information.
Two Kenyan Women Sentenced for $15 Million Tax Fraud Conspiracy
On Nov. 13, 2008, in Kansas City, Loretta Wavinya and her sister, Lillian Nzongi, were sentenced to prison terms of 168 months and 70 months, respectively, for their roles in a multi-million dollar conspiracy to defraud the IRS. The Kenyan nationals lived in the Kansas City area and were involved in a wire fraud scheme that involved stealing the identities of hundreds of victims, primarily nursing home residents, which were used to seek more than $15 million in fraudulent federal tax refunds. Wavinya, a tax preparer and radiology technician who visited patients on-site at multiple nursing homes, pleaded guilty in June 2008 to using stolen identities to file more than 540 fraudulent federal tax returns using the names of more than 500 identity theft victims. The conspirators filed up to six state tax returns simultaneously with each federal return, causing a loss to at least 27 states.
Reporting Suspected Tax Fraud Activity
Tax fraud or abusive return preparers can be reported to the IRS on Form 3949-A, Information Referral. This form is available as a download from the IRS Web site at IRS.gov or by calling (800) 829-3676 to order by mail. The completed form, or a letter detailing the alleged fraudulent activity, should be sent to Internal Revenue Service, Fresno, CA 93888.
The mailing should contain specific information about the individual or business, the activity, when the alleged violation took place, the amount of money involved, how the reporter became aware of it and any other information that might be helpful to an investigation. The identity of the person filing the report is not required but it could be helpful in an investigation and it can be kept confidential.
Rewards based on the amount of additional tax, penalties and interest owed can be made to individuals who report fraud. IRS Form 211, Application for Award for Original Information, can be used to claim a reward.
The IRS’ Whistleblower Office will make the final decision about whether an award will be paid and for how much. Award amounts are based on the value of the information you provided compared with the amount of additional tax, penalties and interest collected by the IRS.
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